Union organizing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Union organizing - Essay Example In every establishment the employee and employer relationship and their performance are regulated by proper labor laws. Though most of these labor laws are intended to protect the interests of the employees, they are seen generally exploited by the employers. The act of the employers may provoke the employees so that they may organize themselves to safeguard their interests by bargaining their needs collectively, through strikes or by other means. In order to avoid such strikes that may thwart the progress of the establishment, the employers may seek settlements.These settlements may have pros and cons. Sometimes these will go in favor of the employees due to their power of collective demand. And at other times if there is conflict in their demands the settlement may favor the employers too.Success of any organizations largely depends upon the intensity of the employee-employer relationship. This relationship is based on the quantity and quality of safety and protection, care and val ue an employer gives to the employee, and the magnitude of service an employee provides to the employer. Different labor laws were enacted in the course of time to restrict the employers from exploiting the employees. If the employees suspect that the employer is exploiting them the employees will tend to organize to safeguard their interests. No democratic government can prohibit the rights of the employee to organize. However, to avoid wanton dealings untoward conflicts certain laws were formulated on to how this union organizing can be processed. As per the provisions contained in Section 8(a) (1) of the National Labor Relations Act no employer can restrict the employees from exercising their rights to collective organization, or unionization. Section 8(a) (3) prohibits employers from interfering labor union activities through company hiring and employment decisions. But mostly, these prohibitory orders are violated at workplaces. For instance, consider the case of Dynasteel Corp. v. NLRB, 181 LRRM 2201 (5th Cir. 2007). The Dynasteel Corp has two plants, one in Mississippi and the other in Tennessee. The employers at Mississippi plant put illegal threats and discipline on employees, while at Tennessee plant; they discriminated against the applicants for employment. Accusing unfair labor practice NLRB framed charges against Dynasteel. The Fifth Circuit was convinced of the illegal practices of the company and granted NLRB's request to enforce its order. Union Organizing 4 Now that discussion on 'The Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA) is in progress, it will bring in drastic changes in the matter of union organizing during the first leg of the presidency of Mr. Obama. It is likely that the provisions contained in NLRA may be revamped, taking a much lenient attitude towards the employees and at the same time adopting somewhat stringent steps against the employers. In nut shell, if The Employee Free Choice Act becomes federal law, the workers will get an edge over the employers with their right to form a union. This may torpedo the interests of the employers as it is considered that it will bring harm to their business. Union Organizing 5 Discussion Union organizing from the employee's perspective is to gain collective bargaining for better wages, good and safe working conditions, protection from exploitation, and increased job security. But the nature of employee relations and the roles of trade union may not be in conformity with legislation. Many argue that employee relations are not confined to unions and its collective bargaining, but cover all employment relationships. They are of the opinion that it is beyond pay and other benefits. However, it is quite certain that if the right to organize is jeopardized the safety of the

Stakeholders and Organizations Essay Example for Free

Stakeholders and Organizations Essay Stakeholders are persons or groups that affect or are affected by an organization. They fulfill many roles within organizations. What is the most significant role stakeholders play in an organization? Why? How do stakeholders acting in this role influence the organizations mission, vision, and strategy? The answer to this question depends to a large degree who the stakeholder is and whether it is a market or nonmarket stakeholder (Lawrence Weber, 2011). However, in general, it seems that power and influence go hand-in-hand in terms of the most significant role(s) a stakeholder may potentially play in an organization. These two dynamics form the basis for the level of interest a stakeholder has when seeking to affect the organization. Based on the power, influence, and interest of a stakeholder, Boutelle (2004) went so far as to state that, â€Å"Projects will succeed or fail primarily based on the actions of people who care enough to defend or oppose them† (para. 19). This statement centers on this theme of power, influence, and interest. Thus, if there is enough generated interest in organizational issues which can exert a strong fervor of power and influence amongst diverse stakeholders, the organizational leaders will take notice and respond accordingly. This is known as the salience of a stakeholder and is a critical component of how they are viewed and defined by an organization (Mitchell, Agle, Wood). A stakeholder who is able to effectively parlay their power and influence can have a profound impact in how that particular organization conducts business on many levels which, in turn, may create some rethinking and reposturing of the mission, vision, and strategy of an organization. It is certainly in the best interest of the organization to build strong relationships with their many stakeholders so as to add value to their overall brand and image (Lawrence Weber, 2011). References Boutelle, J. (2004). Understanding stakeholders for design success. Boxes and Arrows. Retrieved from http://boxesandarrows.com/understanding-organizational-stakeholders-for-design-success/ Lawrence, A. T., Weber, J. (2011). Business and society:

Oxford Movement and the Church

Oxford Movement and the Church Article reprinted from Cross Way Issue Autumn 2008 No. 110 (C)opyright Church Society; material may be used for non-profit purposes provided that the source is acknowledged and the text is not altered. THE OXFORD MOVEMENT By David Phillips It is likely that we will see a growing interest in the Oxford Movement in the wake of proposals by Roman Catholics to declare one of its founders a saint. The early part of the 19th century was a period of great social change in Europe and the role of the Church was being weakened and threatened. However, some reform was necessary and parliament took the lead. In 1833 a Bill was passed to abolish two archbishoprics and eight bishoprics in Ireland. Whilst the decision was reasonable not least because of the problems in Ireland it was for some the straw which broke the camels back. There were those who believed this was unwarranted interference by the state in the affairs of the Church and demonstrated the weakness of the Church. John Keble responded with a sermon in the University Church in Oxford entitled national apostacy and he found support from three other Oxford men in particular John Henry Newman, Hurrell Froude and William Palmer. In September 1833 these men began to publish Tracts which were referred to as The Oxford Tracts giving rise to the later name The Oxford Movement. It is said that the chief concern of the Oxford men was the dignity of the Church and they argued in the Tracts that it was sacrilege for non-Church bodies to lay hands on the Church. They also had a strong aversion to the emerging liberalism and a desire for personal holiness. In these things they would have found sympathisers amongst Evangelicals but this was not all that surfaced in the Tracts. At the time High Church referred to those who had a high regard for the Church and its ways including establishment and its Protestantism. Thus High Churchmen were split in their response to the new movement. Some warmed to what was said about the nature and dignity of the Church whilst others saw that it would lead to disestablishment and indeed to some Roman practices at least. The impact of the movement was such that the old distinction of high church was largely lost and the term came to be associated with the Tractarians. The authorities in Oxford also distanced themselves from the Tracts and from any association of the name with the university. Historians will sometimes say that Evangelicals were slow to respond or even ill equipped to do so, but this is clearly not the case. The robustly evangelical newspaper The Record (later to become The Church of England Newspaper) commented on a letter sent by the Oxford men to the Archbishop of Canterbury and then later on the early Tracts in its December issues of 1833. We must confess the surprise was extreme and the sorrow poignant with which we read the tracts of the Apostolical Society at Oxford, extracts from which appeared in our last number. Had we not read them with our own eyes, it would have been difficult to persuade us that such effusions could have escaped, at any time, from the pen of Protestant clergymen The Record attacks the Oxford men on apostolic succession not because Evangelicals rejected the idea but because the Oxford men were touting the Roman view of succession. As a Protestant Church the Church of England, cannot nor would it wish to claim such succession and to do so was sheer folly. They also state that the Tracts talk of clergymen conveying the sacrifice, being intrusted with the keys of heaven and hell and being intrusted with the awful and mysterious gift of making the bread and wine Christs body and blood. The editorial describes all these as melancholy and wicked Popish delusions. Thus right from the outset Evangelicals, or at least some of them, saw the errors and responded to them, a fact that is not always recognised. Shortly afterwards Hurrell Froude, one of the original four died and his theological remains were published in 1838. These showed unequivocally his opposition to the Protestant Reformation and his empathy for Medieval Catholicism. This seems to have woken others up to the real heart of the Tractarians who were becoming increasingly critical of the Church of England and idealistic regarding the Church of Rome. In 1841 Newman published his famous Tract 90 attempting to argue that the Articles, if properly understood, support Roman Catholic doctrine. Newman himself seems to have eventually recognised that his arguments were wrong because he left for Rome but others continued and still continue to argue the same points. I recall one clergyman arguing that his belief in purgatory was acceptable because the Articles denounce the Romish doctrine of purgatory and that was not his doctrine. Eventually this perverse sort of reasoning had to be resolved and evangelicals found that they had to resort to law to do so. Evangelicals at the time, as today, were adamant that they were the legitimate Anglicans, the true heirs of the Reformed Church of England. The case of George Gorham therefore shook the movement to its roots. Bishop Philpotts of Exeter despised Evangelicals and when a Patron attempted to present Gorham to a living in the Diocese the Bishop argued and then set out to prove that Gorham did not hold to the doctrine of the Church on baptismal regeneration. This was serious because no evangelical believed in baptismal regeneration and nor did they believe that it was the doctrine of the church. If Gorham was rejected on this basis then all evangelicals could find themselves driven out. An appeal was therefore launched but the Bishops decision was initially upheld. Evangelicals however contested the issue right to the Privy Council where they won. For Anglo-Catholics this demonstrated the problem of establishment that a secular court, as they saw it, had the final say. For Evangelicals it was a reminder that within the Church hierarchy they were weak and often opposed whilst they had much stronger support amongst the laity, and particularly in parliament. More importantly it demonstrated that men like Philpotts could not be trusted to read the Articles and Prayer Book in its plain historical meaning, revisionism had begun. From an early stage Tractarianism was manifest in Ritualism and they founded the Church Union to promote their cause. In 1865 Evangelicals responded by forming the Church Association which from the outset had amongst its aims the goal of clarifying the law on ritual and doctrine. Thus a series of test cases were fought which mostly, though certainly not in every detail, upheld the Evangelical view. This ought to have settled matters, but of course it did not. The Ritualists still refused to abide by the law. The obvious thing would have been for Bishops to remove such clergy from office but the Bishops generally declined to do this. This failure to discipline has plagued the Church of England down to the present and has encouraged all manner of practices and beliefs to flourish unchecked. The problem therefore for Evangelicals was what to do next and this led to division amongst them. The Church Association believed it must fight on and so they took the matters to the courts. The fact was that the law forbade certain practices and the Ritualists were doing them. Therefore the courts instructed the Ritualists to stop and they did not. If the law was to be upheld then there had to be a final recourse when people refused to obey it and thus some clergy were imprisoned. But many Evangelicals either did not like this approach either because they did not like taking the matter to court in this way or because they feared the outcome. Thus J.C. Ryle in particular encouraged the creation of a new body, The Protestant Churchmens Alliance, which absorbed the earlier Protestant Association. The Alliance also fought ritualism but not to the lengths the Association did. The Alliance merged eventually into the National Church League and thus was finally reunited with the Association in 1950 when both became Church Society. With the benefit of hindsight it is possible to see that the fears of many were realised because the imprisonments led to a swing in public opinion in favour of the Ritualists. At the same time the Association, as a primarily lay organisation, tried to do what the Bishops failed to do, which was preserve discipline as a mark of the Church. Today many of the practices that were opposed by our evangelical forebears are common within the Church of England and are even found, sometimes unwittingly, in evangelical churches. David Phillips is General Secretary of Church Society.

Dulce et Deorum Est Essay -- English Literature Essays

Dulce et Deorum Est Wilfred Owen wrote Dulce et Decorum Est about the first World War, in which he had personally fought. It was addressed to Jessie Pope, a writer of other poems concerning the War. Specifically he wrote the poem to counteract her poem â€Å"Who’s For The Game?†. Owen felt that Pope did not comprehend the seriousness of the war in her portrayal of the battle as a rugby game. Pope conveyed the participants of the ‘game’ were admirable and those who sat on the sidelines shunned and disregarded. His poem seems very depressing and gloomy, particularly in comparison, but is it not more realistic? Owen was a soldier himself, would he not know more about the horrors that war brings than the female poet, who could only be permitted to watch from the outside of her competitive yet carefree game of rugby? Personally, I think he would. At the time, Owen was put into a psychiatric hospital because the war had so badly affected him, broken his character. It was there that he met Siegfried Sassoon, who had been put into psychiatric care for writing poems that the authorities thought put the war into a negative light. It was Sassoon who encouraged Owen to become a poet, and they became good friends. The way Owen writes is very much sane and some would say he was quite an influential character. So how does Owen compare the horrors of war? From the very first line you become aware that the poem is not likely to be as light and cheerful as Pope’s poem. The line is; Bent double, like old beggars under sacks which is already a rather miserable tone. We see how Owen has begun to set the mood for his piece already. He describes the soldiers’ crooked stance and compares them to old beggars, uncomfortable and undesirable. In the second line he goes on to say that the men are knock-kneed and compares their coughs to those of hags. Again the undesirable, slightly unpleasant note is illustrated through the diction. The soldiers sound unwell, probably due to their harrowing lives in the trenches, which makes them dirty, sodden and more prone to illness. In the third line the poet describes flares, long flames often used for signalling, as ‘haunting’ to the soldiers. This suggests that they are sick of the war and hate the constant reminders of it. Obviously they cannot get away from the war and the monotonous, dire lifestyle they faced every day in the ranks. E... ...e grotesque lines he has just written, saying that the woman would not tell of the war with enthusiasm if she had experienced it first hand or had witnessed such loathsome episodes. His last two lines are the main subject of the poem and include the title itself. Although these lines are not separated from the rest like the ones discussing how the man reappeared in his dreams every night, they are the most memorable as they are the last and the finality is extrusive within them. The final lines are: The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori ‘The old Lie’ is connected to how he views Jessie Pope’s impression of the war, which he feels is captured in the Latin expression. The Latin itself translates directly as ‘It’s sweet and glorious to die for your country’. Pope’s entire poem is focused on the accuracy of this statement, whereas Owen’s entire poem is focused on contradicting the statement. The poems are in sharp contrast to each other, but Owen’s holds first hand experience and in my view is far more impacting. The lines are a relevant end to the poem and leave the reader with the thought in their mind that perhaps war really isn’t as glorious as they’ve been told.

Pacific Northwest History Essay

This paper will present, and ultimately prove that the Pacific Northwest of the United States has undergone economic, racial, environmental, and political changes due to events such as World War II, the emigration of people from the Midwestern U. S. , etc. The Pacific Northwest of the United States has for generations been a land that provided the substances that the rest of the country needed in order to survive and thrive. From the times of the earliest explorers to the region, throughout the 1800s, the economy of this region relied on the production of raw materials and natural products, such as lumber, produce, fresh fish, and the like, leading experts on the area to refer to the Northwest as â€Å"the hinterland† of the U. S. (Schwantes). This economic model changed drastically with the outbreak of World War II, which led to the Northwest becoming a center of aircraft production, shipbuilding, and other industries related to the war effort, but different from the traditional products that came from the region. Forces at work in the Region to Cause or Fuel a Changing Economy Having the luxury of viewing the history of the Pacific Northwest in retrospect over the past century or so, speaking in general terms, there were several major forces at work which ultimately caused, or fueled a changing economy. While these forces are explained in greater detail in subsequent sections of this paper, they warrant identification and a brief explanation at this point to set the stage for the research that follows. In no particular order, the forces that facilitated the changing economy of the Pacific Northwest are as follows: ENVIRONMENTAL- The eventual industrial development of the Northwest changed the environment, depleting many natural resources, such as the timber, precious metals, and fish that helped the people of the Northwest to provide for them and export these natural products worldwide. However, once these resources were exhausted, the region was forced to turn to manufacturing of durable goods to sustain themselves, such as the many products the region turned out in support of the campaigns of World War II. ETHNIC- Events that transpired during the World War II area changed the racial composition of the Pacific Northwest, with its effects being felt even today. To be more specific, when the United States was forced into World War II as a result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the fighting was focused mostly on the Pacific Ocean area, which made the Northwest highly important logistically for the American troops, and launched a massive war industry, including aircrafts, ships, and soldier supplies. What this industrialization did for the region was to draw people from the rural areas to live in cities, making the region more urban than rural, and likewise attracting minorities from other parts of the nation, changing the ethnic composition of the region as a whole. Additionally, the movement of Americans from the â€Å"dustbowl† of the Midwest to the lush and fertile lands of the Northwest brought new cultures, traditions and hard working people to the region. POLITICAL- Because of the move of many people from a rural to an urban environment, and the increased presence of minorities and the Americans who came from the Midwest, the attitudes and value systems of the region changed, as reflected in voting patterns and political attitudes which now focused on urban issues such as poverty, crime, and social programs, whereas the previous rural way of life focused more on environmental concerns and the like. ECONOMIC- The proliferation of industry in the Pacific Northwest, beginning in the era of World War II, changed the economy from a natural/agricultural one to a largely industrial one. These changes were not all generated from within; rather, they often took place as a result of forces beyond the Northwest. Those forces are identified and discussed in the next portion of the research.

Compare the Neo-Freudian Theories of Personality to Freudian Psychoanalysis

The hypothesis that personality characteristics directly influence physical health is a big part in health psychology and related fields (Smith, 2013). This information is often not dealt with completely when dealing with the insufficient attention to personality measurement. The ideal is that submission is a somewhat healthier stance than that of a dominate personality. The fear of rejections, negative evaluations and social anxieties are inversely associated with dominance.So the studies on dominance provide statistically significant disconfirming evidence regarding interpersonal sensitivity and cardiovascular disease. This information has been presented in a clear conceptual model of potentially important personality traits related to health (Smith, 2013). There is no substantial evidence that there is interpersonal sensitivity predicts the infectious diseases or cardiovascular disease. There is many concerns about the positives and negatives of this study due to the potential of convincing individuals that they have no control in their own health.The main purpose of this kind of study is to provide for useful tools. There is a certain amount of reading that is to be considered to be a potential issue as to if the personality characteristics directly influence the health of a person. A discussion on animal research is related to some of the hypothesis. In these studies a widely cited animal research is that in social behavior provide further evidence that dominance can promote cardiovascular disease. In male monkeys, the dominate male is put under a great deal of stress to deal with the whole group.There are also studies that prove the difference that being submissive in personality is a way to gain more cardiovascular disease. Personality implications of adaption-innovation: v. birth order as a determination of cognitive style. The first born child is the personality type that is the child the parents learn with and from. This is the child that generally is the obedient child and is readily available to mind their parents. This particular study deals with the birth order in the cognitive abilities of the child as well as the way to solve problems by doing things differently or breaking paradigms.When there is left brain domination then the planned approach relates to the adaption, and the right brain dominated individuals relates to innovation. The general belief is that Kirton believes that an individual’s position on the dimension of adaptation-innovation is determined by genetic component. These traits in first born children are conforming, efficient, and disciplined (Skinner & Fox-Francoeur, 2010). These individuals tend to reject new ideas, especially when the ideal is something that has been tried and true for a substantial amount of time.The adaptation tends to be in the first born and the innovation tends to be with the later born of children. Direct and Indirect effects of Birth order on personality and Identity: Suppo rt for the null Hypothesis The hypothesis is that the proposed birth order affects the psychological outcomes through the different investments between the parents and the children and the differences in the identification from between the parent to the child (Dunkel, Harbke, & Papini, 2009).The difference is that the hypothesis of the birth order is not simply the psychological effect of the birth order, but it is the amount of everything that the parent invests in the child that bonds the child to the parent. This also causes different types of psychological development of these children. The understanding is that the first born child will more try to attempt to win favor with the parent by identifying with the parent and then the differential investments with the other children that will not be as anxious to identify with the parents.There are generally five accepted traits of a first born child are more conscientious, extroverted, and possibly neurotic while being less open and agreeable (Dunkel, Harbke, & Papini, 2009). Birth order or the psychological effects of birth order is not always straightforward in the findings and understandings. There are always changes made when determining the psychological effect of birth order with other changes in the child’s life such as divorce, step-siblings, half siblings, adopted siblings and spacing between siblings that would change the dynamics of the whole birth order process.There are other factors that have to be considered in this process is that the age of the parents, education level which are both in direct relation to the maternal issues of the parents which are put upon the child. Also the full model is where the psychological effect is up to the parent’s investment and identification. The evaluation of the data is in several steps. First the information is dealing with the participant’s age, gender, and parental education.Then the next is the evaluation of the maternal age as a potent ial moderator of the relation between birth order on personality information (). Then the evaluation of closeness, rejection and identification as potential mediators in how the birth order influences personality hypothesized (Dunkel, Harbke, & Papini, 2009). The determination of the age, gender and parental education is that is unlikely to influence the behaviors and psychological addressing of the closeness, rejection or identification of the children.The closest degree of relationship is dealing with the first born and the maternal age. The indirect effects on personality and identity and there is a direct absence between birth order and any of the personality or identity. With the findings of the instance is that the children find the niche in the family with the parents ability and investment in the child from birth order to personality and identify formation. This information was stating that the psychological effects are not directly related to the birth order or the mediator that is the closeness or rejection from the mother.The potential outcomes the more sensitive the family dynamics it is reasonable to conclude that birth order is of little importance in predicting individual differences in personality and identity (). The effects of birth order on personality traits and feelings of academic sibling rivalry have been documented with the connection to birth order and personality; however, there are still controversies over the types investigated. The first born child was the birth order contributed to why children with the same family have different personalities.When handled appropriately the first born child can be responsible and even a protective person. When handled inappropriately the first born child could end up with criminalist type tendencies and very neurotic in their behaviors. The child that is always trying to play catch up with the eldest child is more likely to become neurotic. The first born child generally takes the parental role as the surrogate parent to their siblings, where the later of the children generally take new interests and activities within the family to prove that they are worthy of attention.There are three different kinds of personality traits that are dealt with when dealing with birth order and that is social, academic and physical. Sibling rivalry does not usually decrease with age spacing, number of parent’s numbers or sibling within the family and the ability to develop strategies and support for children suffers with sibling rivalries (Badger & Reddy, 2009). The academic scores between the lastborn participants are tat scoring is higher than last born participants. The second is the conscientiousness scores was the first born were significantly different than that of the last born.Then the differences in the openness to Experience and Agreeableness the last born participants scored higher than that of the first born child. Preliminary analyses show the main difference in the birth order and conscientiousness with firstborn children having higher levels of higher conscientiousness. The last children are more likely to experience the feeling of inadequacy compared to the eldest child (Badger & Reddy, 2009). The issue with the last born experiencing more academic rivalry may be explained that the youngest siblings were more likely to feel inadequate.There has been much discussion about the damage that is done by sibling rivalry that concerns issues all the way from resentment, to no harm, to serious harm between siblings. The discussion is ongoing to determine if the birth order does actually have a considerable impact on the continued sibling rivalry. Research suggests that birth order does influence various personality traits that are continuous, such as conscientiousness, openness to new experience and agreeableness but there is much debate about sibling rivalry.Introduction to the Commentaries and Online Forum of Personality Disorders: Theory, Research and T reatment Research on personality disorders has a long history of clinical and theoretical literature on the pathogenesis and treatment of personality disorders. This area has seen a large increase in this area leading to understanding of the nature, course, correlates and consequences of personality broadly (Krueger, 2010). The research has lead to a better understanding and treatment of the personality disorders.Narcissism is a dimensional trait should be used to help propel the research of personality disorders. The personal inflammation of the worth of oneself, power, prestige and vanity is the personality disorder that is gives the unearned sense of entitlement. These individuals have the belief that they should have extreme attention from others and have an extreme lack of empathy for others. The understanding of these personality disorders also assists with the potential of prevention and intervention programs to deal with the personality disorders (Krueger, 2010).With the pra ctice and realization of the different types of personality disorders there are more opportunities to work between the clinical researchers, and clinicians to maintain a dialogs to increase the understanding and treatment of these disorders. The ability to create the dialog between the clinicians and the clinical researchers that will highlight some unanswered questions that will help to work toward questions that need to be addressed in the research. The publishing of the information that is gathered would assist in helping and giving relief to the individuals that suffers of these personality disorders.